R-Type Leo is a horizontally scrolling shooter arcade game. It is a spin-off of the R-Type series and the last entry to be released in Arcades.

R-Type Leo was initially an original shoot 'em up game in development by Nanao before Irem retooled it into an R-Type project instead. It is also the first R-Type game to feature simultaneous two player gameplay.

While somewhat canon, the plot deviates from the original story line: Mankind find themselves at a financially and technologically peaceful state between the constant conflict against the Bydo Empire. A space project called Project Paradise that had been held back for a long time was finally seeing light. The project involved the construction of an artificial terrestrial planet called Eden as a possible Human retreat. However, after the construction and functioning of the planet, Major - the bio-computer system responsible for maintaining Eden - malfunctions, takes control of the planet's defenses and attacks mankind. It is now up to the recently developed R-9 variations, the Leo, to fly in and stop Major's assault on its creators.